4.1 安装 helm
官方可用的 Chart 列表：https://hub.kubeapps.com
4.1.2 安装 helm3
helm3 与 helm2 最大的区别就是：不再需要 tiller，直接使用 kubectl 的上下文权限 (kubeconfig)，这里主要介绍 helm3 的安装和使用
helm 最新版本为3.8.0
下载安装 helm3
wget https://get.helm.sh/helm-v3.8.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xf helm-v3.8.0-linux-amd64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/bin --strip-components 1 linux-amd64/helm
如果是 MacOS 可以直接使用 brew 进行安装
brew install helm
查看 helm 版本
helm version
version.BuildInfo{Version:"v3.8.0", GitCommit:"d14138609b01886f544b2025f5000351c9eb092e", GitTreeState:"clean", GoVersion:"go1.17.5"}
添加 helm 仓库
默认情况下没有自带仓库的
helm repo list
Error: no repositories to show
添加仓库
仓库地址根据你的安装需要可以从artifacthub.io获取
比如添加 bitnami
helm repo add bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
"bitnami" has been added to your repositories
查看仓库列表
helm repo list
NAME URL
bitnami https://charts.bitnami.com/bitnami
# 查询 bitnami 下的 charts
helm search repo bitnami
输出如下
NAME CHART VERSION APP VERSION DESCRIPTION
bitnami/bitnami-common 0.0.9 0.0.9 DEPRECATED Chart with custom templates used in ...
bitnami/airflow 11.4.1 2.2.3 Apache Airflow is a platform to programmaticall...
bitnami/apache 9.0.1 2.4.52 Chart for Apache HTTP Server
bitnami/argo-cd 3.0.2 2.2.3 Declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool fo...
bitnami/argo-workflows 0.2.3 3.2.7 Argo Workflows is meant to orchestrate Kubernet...
bitnami/aspnet-core 3.1.0 6.0.1 ASP.NET Core is an open-source framework create...
bitnami/cassandra 9.1.5 4.0.1 Apache Cassandra is an open source distributed ...
bitnami/cert-manager 0.4.3 1.7.0 Cert Manager is a Kubernetes add-on to automate...
bitnami/common 1.10.4 1.10.0 A Library Helm Chart for grouping common logic ...
bitnami/concourse 0.2.2 7.6.0 Concourse is a pipeline-based continuous thing-...
bitnami/consul 10.2.3 1.11.2 Highly available and distributed service discov...
bitnami/contour 7.3.3 1.19.1 Contour Ingress controller for Kubernetes
bitnami/contour-operator 0.2.5 1.19.1 The Contour Operator extends the Kubernetes API...
bitnami/dataplatform-bp1 9.0.8 1.0.1 OCTO Data platform Kafka-Spark-Solr Helm Chart
bitnami/dataplatform-bp2 10.0.8 1.0.1 OCTO Data platform Kafka-Spark-Elasticsearch He...
bitnami/discourse 5.2.3 2.7.13 A Helm chart for deploying Discourse to Kubernetes
bitnami/dokuwiki 12.2.1 20200729.0.0 DokuWiki is a standards-compliant, simple to us...
bitnami/drupal 11.0.4 9.3.3 One of the most versatile open source content m...
bitnami/ejbca 5.1.2 7.4.3-2 Enterprise class PKI Certificate Authority buil...
bitnami/elasticsearch 17.8.0 7.16.3 A highly scalable open-source full-text search ...
bitnami/etcd 6.13.2 3.5.1 etcd is a distributed key value store that prov...
bitnami/external-dns 6.1.2 0.10.2 ExternalDNS is a Kubernetes addon that configur...
bitnami/fluentd 5.0.1 1.14.4 Fluentd is an open source data collector for un...
bitnami/geode 0.4.4 1.14.3 Apache Geode is a data management platform that...
bitnami/ghost 16.0.4 4.34.0 Ghost is an open source publishing platform des...
bitnami/grafana 7.6.4 8.3.4 Grafana is an open source, feature rich metrics...
bitnami/grafana-operator 2.2.2 4.1.1 Kubernetes Operator based on the Operator SDK f...
bitnami/grafana-tempo 1.0.2 1.2.1 Grafana Tempo is an open source, easy-to-use an...
bitnami/haproxy 0.3.1 2.5.1 HAProxy is a TCP proxy and a HTTP reverse proxy...
bitnami/harbor 11.2.2 2.4.1 Harbor is an an open source trusted cloud nativ...
bitnami/influxdb 3.0.2 2.1.1 InfluxDB™ is an open source time-series d...
bitnami/jasperreports 12.0.4 7.8.1 The JasperReports server can be used as a stand...
bitnami/jenkins 8.1.4 2.319.2 The leading open source automation server
bitnami/joomla 12.0.3 4.0.6 Joomla! is an award winning open source CMS pla...
bitnami/jupyterhub 0.4.3 1.5.0 JupyterHub brings the power of notebooks to gro...
bitnami/kafka 15.0.1 3.1.0 Apache Kafka is a distributed streaming platfor...
bitnami/keycloak 6.1.1 16.1.1 Keycloak is a high performance Java-based ident...
bitnami/kiam 0.4.2 3.6.0 kiam is a proxy that captures AWS Metadata API ...
bitnami/kibana 9.3.2 7.16.3 Kibana is an open source, browser based analyti...
bitnami/kong 5.0.4 2.7.1 Kong is an open source Microservice API gateway...
bitnami/kube-prometheus 6.6.5 0.54.0 Prometheus Operator provides easy monitoring de...
bitnami/kube-state-metrics 2.2.4 2.3.0 kube-state-metrics is a simple service that lis...
bitnami/kubeapps 7.7.2 2.4.2 Kubeapps is a dashboard for your Kubernetes clu...
bitnami/kubernetes-event-exporter 1.3.2 0.11.0 This tool allows exporting the often missed Kub...
bitnami/kubewatch 3.2.24 0.1.0 Kubewatch is a Kubernetes watcher that currentl...
bitnami/logstash 3.7.3 7.16.3 Logstash is an open source, server-side data pr...
bitnami/magento 19.2.3 2.4.3 A feature-rich flexible e-commerce solution. It...
bitnami/mariadb 10.3.2 10.5.13 Fast, reliable, scalable, and easy to use open-...
bitnami/mariadb-cluster 1.0.2 10.2.14 DEPRECATED Chart to create a Highly available M...
bitnami/mariadb-galera 6.2.2 10.6.5 MariaDB Galera is a multi-master database clust...
bitnami/mean 6.1.2 4.6.2 DEPRECATED MEAN is a free and open-source JavaS...
bitnami/mediawiki 13.0.2 1.37.1 Extremely powerful, scalable software and a fea...
bitnami/memcached 6.0.2 1.6.13 Memcached is an high-performance, distributed m...
bitnami/metallb 2.6.2 0.11.0 The Metal LB for Kubernetes
bitnami/metrics-server 5.11.0 0.6.0 Metrics Server aggregates resource usage data, ...
bitnami/minio 10.1.1 2022.1.28 MinIO(R) is an object storage server, compatibl...
bitnami/mongodb 11.0.0 4.4.12 MongoDB(R) is a relational open source NoSQL da...
bitnami/mongodb-sharded 4.0.1 4.4.12 MongoDB(R) is an open source NoSQL database tha...
bitnami/moodle 12.0.3 3.11.5 Moodle(TM) LMS is an open source online Learnin...
bitnami/mxnet 2.4.2 1.9.0 A flexible and efficient library for deep learning
bitnami/mysql 8.8.23 8.0.28 Chart to create a Highly available MySQL cluster
bitnami/nats 7.1.3 2.7.0 An open-source, cloud-native messaging system
bitnami/nginx 9.7.5 1.21.6 NGINX Open Source is a web server that can be a...
bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller 9.1.5 1.1.1 NGINX Ingress Controller is an Ingress controll...
bitnami/nginx-intel 0.1.1 0.4.7 NGINX Open Source for Intel is a lightweight se...
bitnami/node 16.2.5 16.13.2 Event-driven I/O server-side JavaScript environ...
bitnami/node-exporter 2.4.1 1.3.1 Prometheus exporter for hardware and OS metrics...
bitnami/oauth2-proxy 2.0.1 7.2.1 A reverse proxy and static file server that pro...
bitnami/odoo 20.2.4 15.0.20220110 A suite of web based open source business apps.
bitnami/opencart 11.0.4 3.0.3-8 A free and open source e-commerce platform for ...
bitnami/orangehrm 11.0.3 4.9.0-0 DEPRECATED OrangeHRM is a free HR management sy...
bitnami/osclass 13.0.3 8.0.1 Osclass is a php script that allows you to quic...
bitnami/owncloud 11.0.4 10.9.1 A file sharing server that puts the control and...
bitnami/parse 15.1.1 4.10.4 Parse is a platform that enables users to add a...
bitnami/phabricator 11.0.30 2021.26.0 DEPRECATED Collection of open source web applic...
bitnami/phpbb 11.0.3 3.3.5 Community forum that supports the notion of use...
bitnami/phpmyadmin 9.0.2 5.1.2 phpMyAdmin is a free software tool written in P...
bitnami/postgresql 10.16.2 11.14.0 Chart for PostgreSQL, an object-relational data...
bitnami/postgresql-ha 8.2.7 11.14.0 Chart for PostgreSQL with HA architecture (usin...
bitnami/prestashop 14.0.4 1.7.8-3 PrestaShop is a powerful open source eCommerce ...
bitnami/prometheus-operator 0.31.1 0.41.0 DEPRECATED The Prometheus Operator for Kubernet...
bitnami/pytorch 2.3.24 1.10.1 Deep learning platform that accelerates the tra...
bitnami/rabbitmq 8.27.0 3.9.13 Open source message broker software that implem...
bitnami/rabbitmq-cluster-operator 2.2.2 1.11.0 The RabbitMQ Cluster Kubernetes Operator automa...
bitnami/redis 16.2.1 6.2.6 Open source, advanced key-value store. It is of...
bitnami/redis-cluster 7.2.1 6.2.6 Open source, advanced key-value store. It is of...
bitnami/redmine 17.2.3 4.2.3 A flexible project management web application.
bitnami/solr 3.0.2 8.11.1 Apache Solr is an open source enterprise search...
bitnami/sonarqube 0.2.4 9.2.4 SonarQube is an open source quality management ...
bitnami/spark 5.8.5 3.2.1 Apache Spark is a high-performance engine for l...
bitnami/spring-cloud-dataflow 5.0.5 2.9.2 Spring Cloud Data Flow is a microservices-based...
bitnami/sugarcrm 1.0.6 6.5.26 DEPRECATED SugarCRM enables businesses to creat...
bitnami/suitecrm 10.0.3 7.12.2 SuiteCRM is a completely open source enterprise...
bitnami/tensorflow-inception 3.3.2 1.13.0 DEPRECATED Open-source software library for ser...
bitnami/tensorflow-resnet 3.4.2 2.7.0 Open-source software library serving the ResNet...
bitnami/testlink 10.0.4 1.9.20 Web-based test management system that facilitat...
bitnami/thanos 9.0.2 0.24.0 Thanos is a highly available metrics system tha...
bitnami/tomcat 10.1.5 10.0.16 Apache Tomcat is an open-source web server desi...
bitnami/wavefront 3.1.25 1.8.0 Chart for Wavefront Collector for Kubernetes
bitnami/wavefront-adapter-for-istio 1.0.18 0.1.5 Wavefront Adapter for Istio is a lightweight Is...
bitnami/wavefront-hpa-adapter 1.0.8 0.9.8 Wavefront HPA Adapter for Kubernetes is a Kuber...
bitnami/wavefront-prometheus-storage-adapter 1.0.21 1.0.5 Wavefront Storage Adapter is a Prometheus integ...
bitnami/wildfly 13.1.3 26.0.1 Wildfly is a lightweight, open source applicati...
bitnami/wordpress 13.0.6 5.8.3 WordPress is the world's most popular blogging ...
bitnami/zookeeper 8.0.1 3.7.0 A centralized service for maintaining configura...
helm3常用命令
helm -h
The Kubernetes package manager
Common actions for Helm:
- helm search: search for charts
- helm pull: download a chart to your local directory to view
- helm install: upload the chart to Kubernetes
- helm list: list releases of charts
Environment variables:
| Name | Description |
|------------------------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| $HELM_CACHE_HOME | set an alternative location for storing cached files. |
| $HELM_CONFIG_HOME | set an alternative location for storing Helm configuration. |
| $HELM_DATA_HOME | set an alternative location for storing Helm data. |
| $HELM_DEBUG | indicate whether or not Helm is running in Debug mode |
| $HELM_DRIVER | set the backend storage driver. Values are: configmap, secret, memory, sql. |
| $HELM_DRIVER_SQL_CONNECTION_STRING | set the connection string the SQL storage driver should use. |
| $HELM_MAX_HISTORY | set the maximum number of helm release history. |
| $HELM_NAMESPACE | set the namespace used for the helm operations. |
| $HELM_NO_PLUGINS | disable plugins. Set HELM_NO_PLUGINS=1 to disable plugins. |
| $HELM_PLUGINS | set the path to the plugins directory |
| $HELM_REGISTRY_CONFIG | set the path to the registry config file. |
| $HELM_REPOSITORY_CACHE | set the path to the repository cache directory |
| $HELM_REPOSITORY_CONFIG | set the path to the repositories file. |
| $KUBECONFIG | set an alternative Kubernetes configuration file (default "~/.kube/config") |
| $HELM_KUBEAPISERVER | set the Kubernetes API Server Endpoint for authentication |
| $HELM_KUBECAFILE | set the Kubernetes certificate authority file. |
| $HELM_KUBEASGROUPS | set the Groups to use for impersonation using a comma-separated list. |
| $HELM_KUBEASUSER | set the Username to impersonate for the operation. |
| $HELM_KUBECONTEXT | set the name of the kubeconfig context. |
| $HELM_KUBETOKEN | set the Bearer KubeToken used for authentication. |
Helm stores cache, configuration, and data based on the following configuration order:
- If a HELM_*_HOME environment variable is set, it will be used
- Otherwise, on systems supporting the XDG base directory specification, the XDG variables will be used
- When no other location is set a default location will be used based on the operating system
By default, the default directories depend on the Operating System. The defaults are listed below:
| Operating System | Cache Path | Configuration Path | Data Path |
|------------------|---------------------------|--------------------------------|-------------------------|
| Linux | $HOME/.cache/helm | $HOME/.config/helm | $HOME/.local/share/helm |
| macOS | $HOME/Library/Caches/helm | $HOME/Library/Preferences/helm | $HOME/Library/helm |
| Windows | %TEMP%\helm | %APPDATA%\helm | %APPDATA%\helm |
Usage:
helm [command]
Available Commands:
completion generate autocompletion scripts for the specified shell
create create a new chart with the given name
dependency manage a chart's dependencies
env helm client environment information
get download extended information of a named release
help Help about any command
history fetch release history
install install a chart
lint examine a chart for possible issues
list list releases
package package a chart directory into a chart archive
plugin install, list, or uninstall Helm plugins
pull download a chart from a repository and (optionally) unpack it in local directory
push push a chart to remote
registry login to or logout from a registry
repo add, list, remove, update, and index chart repositories
rollback roll back a release to a previous revision
search search for a keyword in charts
show show information of a chart
status display the status of the named release
template locally render templates
test run tests for a release
uninstall uninstall a release
upgrade upgrade a release
verify verify that a chart at the given path has been signed and is valid
version print the client version information
Flags:
--debug enable verbose output
-h, --help help for helm
--kube-apiserver string the address and the port for the Kubernetes API server
--kube-as-group stringArray group to impersonate for the operation, this flag can be repeated to specify multiple groups.
--kube-as-user string username to impersonate for the operation
--kube-ca-file string the certificate authority file for the Kubernetes API server connection
--kube-context string name of the kubeconfig context to use
--kube-token string bearer token used for authentication
--kubeconfig string path to the kubeconfig file
-n, --namespace string namespace scope for this request
--registry-config string path to the registry config file (default "/home/jerry/.config/helm/registry/config.json")
--repository-cache string path to the file containing cached repository indexes (default "/home/jerry/.cache/helm/repository")
--repository-config string path to the file containing repository names and URLs (default "/home/jerry/.config/helm/repositories.yaml")
Use "helm [command] --help" for more information about a command.